Mertonian norms, principles of modern science in Robert K. Merton's 1973 work The Normative Structure of Science from which were later derived the 'CUDOS' principles (the definition varies between sources: these are either the original 4 rearranged to make a mnemonic, or 5 with the addition of 'originality' and shortening of 'organized scepticism' to 'scepticism').